lean-ux-canvas
使用 Lean UX Canvas v2 引导团队。在梳理业务问题、揭示假设并确定下一步需要了解的内容时使用。
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Purpose
Guide product managers through creating Jeff Gothelf's Lean UX Canvas (v2)—a one-page facilitation tool that frames work around a business problem to solve, not a solution to implement. Use this to align cross-functional teams around core assumptions, craft testable hypotheses, and ensure learning happens every sprint by exposing gaps in understanding (problem, users, value, and why the solution should work).
This is not a roadmap or feature list—it's an "insurance policy" that turns assumptions into experiments before committing to full development. The canvas shifts conversations from outputs to outcomes and ensures teams build the right thing, not just build things right.
Input
Works best with: The business problem you're framing — or the solution idea you're being handed, which the canvas will reframe as a problem.
Also useful: Known users, evidence so far, and what the team already believes (assumptions to surface).
Anything supplied with the invocation itself — text after the skill name, a pasted context dump, or an appended ARGUMENTS: line — counts as answers already given. Use it and skip whatever it covers; don't re-ask.
Arriving empty-handed? That works too. The skill opens with Box 1: what business problem are you trying to solve?
Example invocation: Fill a Lean UX canvas: leadership wants 'an AI chatbot' — underlying problem seems to be support ticket volume growing 3x faster than the team.
Key Concepts
What is the Lean UX Canvas?
The Lean UX Canvas (v2) is a structured, one-page template designed to help teams frame their work around a business problem, not a solution. It aligns cross-functional teams on:
Origin: Created by Jeff Gothelf, author of Lean UX (O'Reilly, 2013). Version 2 was released to improve clarity around business vs. user outcomes.
Key Insight: The canvas acts like an insurance policy—it exposes gaps in understanding before you build, ensuring you don't waste sprints on the wrong thing.
Canvas Structure (8 Boxes)
Layout (3 columns × 3 rows):
┌─────────────────────┬──────────────┬───────────────────────┐
│ 1. Business Problem │ │ 2. Business Outcomes │
│ │ │ │
├─────────────────────┤ 5. Solutions ├───────────────────────┤
│ 3. Users │ (tall box │ 4. User Outcomes │
│ │ spanning │ & Benefits │
├─────────────────────┤ rows 1-2) ├───────────────────────┤
│ 6. Hypotheses │──────────────┤ 8. Least Work / │
│ │ 7. Learn │ Experiments │
│ │ First │ │
└─────────────────────┴──────────────┴───────────────────────┘The 8 Boxes (fill in this order):
Why This Works
Problem-First, Not Solution-First:
Starts with "what changed in the world?" not "we should build X." This prevents solution-driven thinking.
Assumption-Driven:
Makes hypotheses explicit before building. Every discipline surfaces their risks (technical feasibility, user value, business viability).
Experiment-Focused:
Tests assumptions before committing resources. Small experiments beat big bets.
Cross-Functional Alignment:
Shared canvas creates common language. Everyone sees the same gaps in understanding.
Key Distinctions (Avoid Confusion)
Box 2 (Business Outcomes) vs. Box 4 (User Outcomes):
Box 2 is metrics. Box 4 is human.
Solutions (Box 5) Are Hypotheses, Not Commitments:
List candidate solutions (features, policies, even business model shifts). You're not committing to build all of them—you're exploring the solution space.
Hypotheses (Box 6) Are Testable:
Use the template: "We believe [business outcome] will be achieved if [user] attains [benefit] with [solution]." Each hypothesis focuses on one solution.
Anti-Patterns (What This Is NOT)
When to Use This
✅ Use this when:
❌ Don't use this when:
Facilitation Source of Truth
Use workshop-facilitation as the default interaction protocol for this skill.
It defines:
Other (specify) when useful)This file defines the domain-specific assessment content. If there is a conflict, follow this file's domain logic.
Application
Use template.md for the full fill-in structure.
This interactive skill walks through 8 adaptive questions (one per canvas box) in sequence. At each step, the agent offers guidance, examples, and options to help you fill the box correctly.
Step 0: Gather Context
Agent asks:
Before we fill out the Lean UX Canvas, let's gather context. Please share:
Business Context:
User Context:
You can paste:
Question 1: Business Problem (Box 1)
Agent asks:
What problem does the business have that you are trying to solve?
Describe:
Good examples:
Bad examples (too vague):
Agent offers 3 options:
skills/problem-statement/SKILL.md or skills/problem-framing-canvas/SKILL.md first]User response: [Selection or description]
Agent validates: Does this describe what changed and why it creates a problem? If not, ask clarifying questions.
Question 2: Business Outcomes (Box 2)
Agent asks:
How will you know you solved the business problem? What will you measure?
Focus on measurable behavior change (leading indicators welcome). Ask yourself: "What will people be doing differently if the solution works?"
Examples of business outcomes:
Important: This is Box 2 (behavior change), not Box 4 (user benefits/empathy). Metrics go here. Emotions go in Box 4.
Agent offers 3 options:
User response: [Selection or description]
Agent validates: Are these measurable? Observable? Do they indicate behavior change (not just "increase revenue")?
Question 3: Users (Box 3)
Agent asks:
What types (i.e., personas) of users and customers should you focus on first?
Consider:
Why this matters: Teams tend to shortcut here ("everyone"). The canvas wants a shared vision of the user—and it's not always "the customer."
Examples:
Agent offers 3 options:
skills/proto-persona/SKILL.md or paste persona]skills/proto-persona/SKILL.md component skill]User response: [Selection or description]
Agent validates: Is this specific enough to imagine a real person? Or is it too broad ("all users")?
Question 4: User Outcomes & Benefits (Box 4)
Agent asks:
Why would your users seek out your product or service? What benefit would they gain? What behavior change can we observe that tells us they've achieved their goal?
Focus on goals, benefits, emotions, empathy—not metrics (those go in Box 2).
Examples of user outcomes & benefits:
Why this matters: This is the empathy box. It's about human motivation, not just behavior change.
Agent offers 3 options:
skills/jobs-to-be-done/SKILL.md or skills/discovery-interview-prep/SKILL.md]User response: [Selection or description]
Agent validates: Does this explain why the user cares (not just what they'll do)?
Question 5: Solutions (Box 5)
Agent asks:
What can we make that will solve our business problem and meet the needs of our customers at the same time?
List features, initiatives, policies, systems, or even business model shifts that might work. Encourage a wide solution space: big/small, innovative, "weird," and non-technical solutions.
Examples:
Important: These are hypotheses, not commitments. You're exploring options, not committing to build everything.
Agent offers 3 options:
User response: [Selection or description]
Agent validates: Do you have at least 3 candidate solutions? (More options = better hypotheses later)
Question 6: Hypotheses (Box 6)
Agent asks:
Now let's create testable hypotheses by combining assumptions from Boxes 2-5.
Use this template:
> We believe that [business outcome from Box 2] will be achieved if [user from Box 3] attains [benefit from Box 4] with [solution from Box 5].
Rules:
Example:
> We believe that increasing mobile checkout conversion rate from 45% to 60% will be achieved if mobile-first millennials (25-35) attain faster, friction-free checkout with one-tap Apple Pay integration.
Agent offers:
Based on your inputs, here are suggested hypotheses (one per solution from Box 5):
Options:
User response: [Selection or description]
Agent validates: Does each hypothesis clearly state what you believe will happen if the solution works?
Question 7: What's the Most Important Thing We Need to Learn First? (Box 7)
Agent asks:
For each hypothesis from Box 6, identify its riskiest assumptions. Then determine the riskiest one right now.
Types of risk:
Hint: Early on, focus risk on value more than feasibility (most of the time). Don't build something users don't want, even if it's technically feasible.
Agent offers:
Based on your hypotheses, here are the riskiest assumptions:
Which is the riskiest right now?
Options:
User response: [Selection]
Agent records: This is the assumption we'll test first.
Question 8: What's the Least Amount of Work We Need to Do to Learn the Next Most Important Thing? (Box 8)
Agent asks:
Design an experiment to validate or invalidate the riskiest assumption (from Box 7) as fast as you can.
Examples of experiment types:
Reminder: Experiment design is an art. The canvas nudges you to do it—expect to iterate on the experiment design separately.
Agent offers:
Based on your riskiest assumption, here are experiment options:
Which experiment will you run?
User response: [Select one or describe custom experiment]
Agent validates: Is this the smallest test that can validate/invalidate the assumption? (If it takes >2 weeks, it's too big—break it down.)
Step 9: Review and Export Canvas
Agent summarizes:
Here's your completed Lean UX Canvas (v2):
┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ Lean UX Canvas (v2) │
│ Initiative: [Title] │
│ Date: [Today's date] │
│ Iteration: 1 │
└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
┌─────────────────────┬──────────────┬───────────────────────┐
│ 1. Business Problem │ │ 2. Business Outcomes │
│ [Your input] │ │ [Your input] │
│ │ │ │
├─────────────────────┤ 5. Solutions ├───────────────────────┤
│ 3. Users │ │ 4. User Outcomes │
│ [Your input] │ [Your input] │ & Benefits │
│ │ │ [Your input] │
├─────────────────────┤──────────────┼───────────────────────┤
│ 6. Hypotheses │ 7. Learn │ 8. Experiments │
│ [Your input] │ First │ [Your input] │
│ │ [Your input] │ │
└─────────────────────┴──────────────┴───────────────────────┘Next steps:
Agent asks:
Would you like me to:
skills/discovery-interview-prep/SKILL.md for customer interviews)?Examples
See examples/sample.md for full Lean UX Canvas examples.
Mini example excerpt:
**Box 1:** Mobile checkout conversion is 15% lower than desktop
**Box 2:** Increase mobile conversion from 45% to 60%
**Box 8:** Wizard-of-Oz test with one-tap checkoutCommon Pitfalls
1. Starting with Solutions, Not Problems
Failure Mode: Box 1 says "We need to build X" instead of describing what changed.
Consequence: You build the solution someone already decided on, without validating the problem exists.
Fix: Ask: "What changed in the world? Why is this a problem now (vs. 6 months ago)?"
2. Vague Business Outcomes
Failure Mode: Box 2 says "Increase revenue" or "Make users happy."
Consequence: No way to measure success; can't tell if experiments worked.
Fix: Define measurable behavior change. "Increase average order value from $50 to $75" or "Reduce support tickets by 30%."
3. Too-Broad User Segments
Failure Mode: Box 3 says "All users" or "Everyone."
Consequence: Can't design targeted experiments; waste time on personas who won't adopt.
Fix: Pick one persona to start. You can expand later.
4. Confusing Box 2 and Box 4
Failure Mode: Putting emotions in Box 2 and metrics in Box 4 (or vice versa).
Consequence: Misaligned hypotheses; unclear success criteria.
Fix: Box 2 = Behavior change (metrics). Box 4 = Goals, benefits, emotions (empathy).
5. Only One Solution in Box 5
Failure Mode: Listing one feature because stakeholders already decided.
Consequence: No exploration of alternatives; can't test which solution is best.
Fix: Force yourself to list 3+ solutions. Ask: "What else could solve this problem?"
6. Skipping Experiments (Box 8)
Failure Mode: "We'll just build it and see what happens."
Consequence: Waste weeks/months building the wrong thing.
Fix: Design smallest experiment first. If you can't think of one, use skills/pol-probe-advisor/SKILL.md to choose a validation method.